abstract：:Simple microplate assay methods for determining the frequency of insecticide resistance in single mosquitos were used to study the distribution and localization of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in field populations of Anopheles albimanus Weidemann in Guatemala, where such resistance, caused by heavy use of ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Brogdon WG,Beach RF,Stewart JM,Castanaza L

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A WHO-coordinated study of the community control of hypertension in six countries (Cuba, Finland, France, Italy, Mongolia and Portugal) has shown that a comprehensive approach clearly improves the care of hypertensives in various populations. Hypertension control programmes were individually designed in each country a...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ambrosio GB,Strasser T,Dowd JE,Tuomilehto J,Nissinen A,Froment A,Milon H,Miguel JM,Macias-Castro I,Dondog N

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a case-control study we examined the association of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite antibodies (anti-R32tet32) with subsequent P. falciparum infections. A study population of 140 children living in an endemic area was followed longitudinally for 25 weeks with weekly blood smears for malaria parasites and, on...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Pang LW,Limsomwong N,Karwacki J,Webster HK

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent investigations have revealed that monkeypox virus infections occur with a high prevalence in several species of squirrels belonging to the genus Funisciurus, less frequently in squirrels of the genus Heliosciurus, and rarely in forest-dwelling primates. These squirrels commonly inhabit the secondary forests aro...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Khodakevich L,Jezek Z,Messinger D

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reported is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that has been optimized and validated for the determination of chloroquine in urine or dried blood spots. The assay employs antisera raised in sheep to a chloroquine derivative conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and chloroquine conjugated to porcine thyrog...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Rowell V,Rowell FJ,Baker A,Laurie D,Sidki AM

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reports about recent famine victims and refugees have described the occurrence of xerophthalmia and resultant blindness related to severe vitamin A deficiency. These populations are subject to high prevalences of childhood protein-energy malnutrition and infectious diseases, pre-existing marginal vitamin A status, and...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Nieburg P,Waldman RJ,Leavell R,Sommer A,DeMaeyer EM

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the association of meningococcal serogroups with the course of disease, we reviewed the case histories of 1221 patients. The meningococci from these patients constituted a sample from isolates collected and serogrouped systematically in the Netherlands since 1959. Of these 1221 isolates, 64% were serogroup B....

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Spanjaard L,Bol P,de Marie S,Zanen HC

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The eradication of smallpox required a unique, fully collaborative international effort on the part of WHO and Member States. In the course of the programme, many lessons were learned in its organization, execution and evaluation which have implications for other international activities. Most important among these wa...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Henderson DA

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A total of 100 male Zambian patients with symptomatic falciparum malaria were treated with either two tablets of mefloquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansimef) or three tablets of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar) as a single dose. The patients were kept under observation from day 0 (day of treatment) to day ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ekue JM,Phiri DE,Sheth UK,Mukunyandela M

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bladder cancer is the twelfth most common cancer globally, with approximately 170 000 new cases each year; a third of these cases are in the developing countries. There are two major etiological types. The first is more common in the industrialized countries and is associated with exposure to certain occupational and ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Koroltchouk V,Stanley K,Stjernswärd J,Mott K

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible associations between Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) seropositivity were investigated in 1986 at the Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. No significant difference was found in the HIV seropositivity rate of 164 children presenting with P. falciparum malaria (1.2%) a...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Nguyen-Dinh P,Greenberg AE,Mann JM,Kabote N,Francis H,Colebunders RL,Huong AY,Quinn TC,Davachi F,Lyamba B

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in the blood of 10 healthy adult Swedish volunteers who had been taking 310 mg chloroquine base once a week for at least 8 months for malaria prophylaxis were measured. Samples of capillary whole blood from the volunteers were dried on filter-paper and the drug...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Rombo L,Bergqvist Y,Hellgren U

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal parasitic infections are distributed virtually throughout the world, with high prevalence rates in many regions. Amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection and trichuriasis are among the ten most common infections in the world. Other parasitic infections such as abdominal angiostrongyliasis, intestinal capi...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple grading system for trachoma, based on the presence or absence of five selected "key" signs, has been developed. The method was tested in the field and showed good observer agreement, the most critical point being the identification of severe cases of the disease. It is expected that the system will facilitate...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Thylefors B,Dawson CR,Jones BR,West SK,Taylor HR

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten male subjects from a region of the state of Pará, Brazil, where malaria is endemic received a single oral dose of 1000 mg mefloquine. The plasma levels of the drug and of its metabolite, 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid, were determined densitometrically on thin-layer chromatography plates. The ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： de Souza JM,Heizmann P,Schwartz DE

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perinatal, fetal and early neonatal mortality rates were determined in a population of 7392 babies born in hospitals in Pelotas (total population, 260 000) during 1982. These babies represented over 99% of all births in the city in that year. The perinatal mortality rate for singletons was 31.9 per 1000 total births, ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Barros FC,Victora CG,Vaughan JP,Estanislau HJ

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent asays (ELISAs) are described for determining levels of dapsone and pyrimethamine in urine. Both assays have a sensitivity of about 20 mug/l and are reproducible, but each produces some false positives. The problem of false positive reactions was partially obviated by requiring positive resu...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Greenwood BM,Greenwood AM,Bradley AK,Shenton FC,Smith AW,Snow RW,Williams K,Eggelte TA,Huikeshoven H,de Wit M

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spot hybridization assay for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum reported here uses as probe a repetitive DNA sequence from this species and exhibits a high degree of species specificity. Isolates from African, Asian, and South American patients were positive in the assay and gametocytes could be detected at th...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Holmberg M,Björkman A,Franzén L,Aslund L,Lebbad M,Pettersson U,Wigzell H

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article presents a nomenclature system for allergens which has been officially recommended by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The nomenclature is based on proposals of the IUIS Sub-Committee for Allergen Nomenclature and is applicable to highly purified, well-characterized allergens and...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Marsh DG,Goodfriend L,King TP,Lowenstein H,Platts-Mills TA

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple force-of-infection model for onchocerciasis has been developed for a study of the age-specific epidemiological trends during a period of vector control in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River basin area (OCP). The most important factors included in the model are the longevity of an infectio...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Remme J,Ba O,Dadzie KY,Karam M

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer of the uterine cervix is a global problem. It is the most common cancer in women in developing countries and is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, with approximately half a million new cases each year. It is strongly linked with an early onset of sexual activity and multiple sexual partners; rece...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several laboratories have reported a large number of plasmodial antigens that may be implicated in the immune-mediated protection against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to establish relationships between the antigens reported by different laboratories, a comparative testing of 37 antibody r...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dayal R,Decrind C,Lambert PH

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer in Bombay has decreased over the last 20 years, whereas over the same period that of breast cancer increased slightly. Studies indicate that the incidence of cervical cancer is lower in successively later-born cohorts, but no cohort effect has been observed for breast...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Jayant K

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two, 30-cluster, retrospective surveys of deaths from neonatal tetanus in Indonesia were conducted during 1982. The first survey, in the city of Jakarta, identified 16 deaths from neonatal tetanus among 2310 live births, giving a mortality rate of 6.9 per 1000 live births. The second survey covered 19 of Indonesia's 2...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Arnold RB,Soewarso TI,Karyadi A

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yellow fever was responsible for several epidemics among the settlers in tropical areas of the Americas and Africa during the 17th to the 19th centuries. Scientific research into its cause and epidemiology was started at the beginning of the present century and progressed well ahead of other viral disease research. Ho...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Brès PL

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A national cross-sectional survey of the heights and weights of Kuwaiti preschool-age children of 0-5 years was conducted on a stratified multistage sample of 2554 subjects from high and low socioeconomic levels. The collected data were used to compare the nutritional status of these children with their American count...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bayoumi A,Moussa MA

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzyme immunoassays represent in many cases the preferred procedure for the detection of antigens or corresponding antibodies. However, many of the current procedures are performed suboptimally. This article reviews the available designs, auxiliary recognition systems, production and purification of antibodies, conjug...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kurstak E

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The changing epidemiological and distribution patterns of Japanese encephalitis in various southern and east Asian countries are described. Immunization is considered to be the only practical way to control the infection. Several vaccines have been developed and two types of inactivated vaccine are now available for u...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Umenai T,Krzysko R,Bektimirov TA,Assaad FA

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Of 10 000 compounds tested for tissue schizontocidal activity in a Plasmodium gallinaceum-chick model, 157 were also tested in a definitive mouse test (DMT) and 277 in a rhesus monkey test (RMT). The results in the avian model were 78% and 55% in agreement with those of the DMT and RMT, respectively. This result is no...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kinnamon KE,Davidson DE Jr,Rane DS

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a field study conducted in Burma, 54 semi-immune adults suffering from falciparum malaria (mean parasite count, 15 328/mm(3) before treatment) were given a single dose of a fixed combination of 750 mg mefloquine base, 1500 mg sulfadoxine, and 75 mg pyrimethamine (3 tablets of Fansimef). All these patients were clea...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Tin F,Hlaing N,Tun T,Win S,Lasserre R

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes the preparation and test procedures for a second batch of lyophilized LBM combination antiserum pools, A through H, used for identifying 42 enteroviruses. Each pool is selectively composed of 10 or 11 of 42 individual enterovirus equine sera so that it contains 500 antibody units of each serum com...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Melnick JL,Wimberly IL

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy were reviewed in a consultation convened by WHO in Geneva. General principles regarding the proper role of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in relation to other established treatment modalities and the classification of tumours with respect to curative potential are discussed. Cur...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new straightforward photometric method for the assay of the antimalarial drug chloroquine and its metabolites in urine is described. The method involves an ion-pair extraction procedure with dichloromethane using the acid-base indicator bromthymol blue as counter-ion. The ion pair formed with chloroquine in the orga...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bergqvist Y,Hed C,Funding L,Suther A

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Picornavirus particles and serotype-specific neutralizing antibody were demonstrated in tears collected during early onset of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Virus particles deposited from tears by airfuge ultracentrifugation and stained with potassium phosphotungstate were easily recognized by electron microscopy....

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Yin-Murphy M,Abdul Rahim N,Phoon MC,Baharuddin-Ishak,Howe J

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The isolation of West Nile virus from the brain tissue of three children who died of encephalitis in Mysore and Kolar districts of Karnataka State, India, is reported. This is the first such report from India. The significance of these isolations with reference to the role of West Nile virus in encephalitis in childre...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： George S,Gourie-Devi M,Rao JA,Prasad SR,Pavri KM

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biological and molecular properties of both virulent and vaccine types of influenza virus strains are reviewed, including their analysis in laboratory animals and in organ tissue cultures, as well as studies of their genome peculiarities. Methods are discussed for obtaining attenuated donor strains of influenza vi...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ghendon YZ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although none of the currently available methods of contraception can be considered ideal for use by adolescents, many come reasonably close. The present article reviews the relative benefits and risks associated with each method. Oral contraceptives (OCs) appear to bear few specific risks for adolescents. Pills co...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hofmann AD

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The unacceptably high mortality related to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children, recognition of the importance of bacteria in the causation of severe acute lower respiratory infection in developing countries, and the established effectiveness of antimicrobial and supportive treatment in averting death make a...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of spastic paraparesis which mostly affected women and children occurred in a northern province of Mozambique in 1981. The epidemic was related to chronic cyanide intoxication associated with a diet consisting almost exclusively of cassava. A prolonged drought in the area had exhausted all food resources e...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eighteen patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection were studied in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to monitor the response of the malaria parasite to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. In all infections the parasitaemia was cleared rapidly following treatment with standard dose of the drug combination; no recrudescence was observe...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Nguyen-Dinh P,Zevallos-Ipenza A,Magloire R

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00